Behavioral Health Providers: Number of Nurse Practitioners Prescribing Buprenorphine

According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), medication-assisted treatment (MAT), including opioid treatment programs, combines behavioral therapy and medications to treat substance use disorders. MAT is the use of FDA-approved medications, in combination with counseling and behavioral therapies, to provide a “whole-patient” approach to the treatment of substance use disorders. Some states are exploring changes to scope of practice policies to enable greater access to MAT, including the use of buprenorphine-containing products.

Buprenorphine is used as part of MAT for opioid addiction and treats opioid dependence and addiction by diminishing withdrawal symptoms and cravings. Federal laws and regulations provide a framework for medication-assisted treatment on which states may build and implement additional laws and regulations. State law related to nurse practitioners (NPs) practice authority affects the ability of NPs to prescribe buprenorphine-containing products under the federal framework.

Under current federal law, physicians, NPs may receive a waiver from the Controlled Substance Act’s special registration requirement and prescribe and dispense buprenorphine-containing products for treating opioid use disorder (OUD) if the NP is authorized under state law:

• To prescribe Schedule III, IV or V controlled substances.
• Has proper training or experience to treat and manage patients with OUD.
• Unless authorized to practice independently, practices under the supervision of in collaboration with a physician who is certified, trained or permitted to treat and manage patients with OUD.

There may be instances where an NP in a state has received a waiver to prescribe buprenorphine-containing products, yet the NP’s scope of practice may not allow them to prescribe the MAT. For more information on states requiring supervision or collaboration requirements, please see the nurse practitioner practice authority map page.

The map above shows the number of nurse practitioners who have obtained a waiver from the federal government to prescribe buprenorphine-containing products as of August 2018 and is based on SAMHSA’s Buprenorphine Treatment Practitioner Locator.